在中国工程院水利工程科学领域第三次院士论坛上的致辞
中华人民共和国水利部部长  陈雷
（2009年9月23日）

各位院士、各位专家、女士们、先生们：

   在这金秋送爽、丹桂飘香的美好时节，在新中国60华诞即将到来之际，由中国工程院和水利部共同主办的水利工程科学领域第三次院士论坛—“2009年水资源与可持续发展高层论坛”今天隆重开幕了。来自国内外的300多位院士、专家、学者以及国际组织的代表，汇聚在美丽的江城，围绕“水资源与可持续发展”这一主题，在基础理论、工程技术、管理政策等多个方面，开展学术交流，探讨前沿问题，分享成果经验，对进一部加强世界各国在水科学领域的交流与合作、共同应对全球水资源问题，具有十分重要的意义。借此机会，我代表中华人民共和国水利部，对本次论坛的召开表示祝贺！向出席论坛的各位嘉宾和代表表示欢迎！

   水是基础性的自然资源和战略性的经济资源，是生态与环境的控制性要素。以水资源的可持续利用保障经济社会的可持续发展，是世界各国面临的共同挑战和紧迫任务。中国政府始终高度重视解决水资源问题，新中国成立60年来，开展了波澜壮阔的水利建设，取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就，水利基础保障能力显著增强，水利发展改革惠及亿万人民群众。特别是改革开放30多年来，我们以占世界平均水平60%的人均综合用水量，保障了国民经济3倍于世界经济平均增长率的高速增长，在连续30年保持农业灌溉用水量零增长的情况下，扩大有效灌溉面积1.2亿亩，粮食产业提高50%。今天，我们以占全球6%的淡水资源、9%的耕地，保障了占全球21%人口的温饱和经济发展，并加快向全面小康社会迈进，这是一项十分了不起的成就，也是中国对世界作出的重大贡献。

   当前和今后一个时期，是中国全面建设小康社会、加快推进现代化进程的重要时期，也是传统水利向现代水利、可持续发展水利加快转变的关键阶段。人多水少，水资源时空分布不均、与生产力布局不相匹配，不仅是中国现阶段的突出水情，也是中国现代化建设进程中需要长期应对的基本国情。中国人均水资源占有量仅为世界平均水平的1/4，黄河、淮河、海河三个流域人均水资源量仅相当于全国平均水平的1/3、1/5和1/3，北方地区存在严重的缺水问题。特别是在全球气候变化影响日益明显和工业化、城镇化进程不断加快的情况下，中国的水资源条件正在发生新的变化。水资源评价最新成果显示，1980-2000年水文系列与1956-1979年水文系列相比，黄河、淮河、海河和辽河4个流域降水量平均减少6%，地表水资源量平均减少17%，海河流域地面水资源量更是减少了41%，北少南多的水资源分布格局进一步加剧，水资源供需矛盾更加突出。目前，全国每年缺水量达400亿立方米，近2/3的城市存在不同程度的缺水，农业平均每年因旱成灾面积达2.3亿亩左右。与此同时，粗放的水资源开发利用方式仍未根本转变，单方水GDP产出仅为世界平均水平的1/3，水资源浪费严重，水污染问题突出，一些地方因水资源的过度开发而出现地下超采、河流断流、湿地退化等生态与环境问题。

   中国的国情和水情，决定了我们必须以科学发展观为指导，坚持节约资源、保护环境的基本国策，牢固树立以人为本、人与自然和谐的理念，对水资源进行合理开发、高效利用、综合治理、优化配置、全面节约、有效保护和科学管理，以水资源的可持续利用保障经济社会的可持续发展。为此，一方面，要科学合理有序开发利用水资源，集中力量建设一批重点水源和水源配置工程，因地制宜建设一批中小微型蓄引提水工程，进一步提高水资源配置和调控能力，为经济社会发展提供可靠的水资源保障；另一方面，要统筹考虑经济社会发展与水资源节约、水资源治理、水生态保护，实行最严格的水资源管理制度，全面建设节水防污型社会，推动经济社会发展与水资源承载能力、水环境承载能力相协调。

   当前，我们在加快建设水利基础设施的同时，实行最严格的水资源管理制度，大力推进水资源工作从供水管理向需水管理转变，从过度开发、无序开发向合理开发、有序开发转变，从粗放利用向高效利用转变，从事后治理向事前预防转变，综合运用工程、技术、行政、法律等综合手段，解决好水资源问题。到2015年，全国用水总量要控制在6000亿立方米以内；万元工业增加值用水量比现状下降30%以上，农业灌溉水利用系数提高到0.52以上；主要江河湖泊水功能区达标率提高到60%以上。到2020年，基本建立较为完善的水资源管理主度和监督管理体系，水资源得到合理配置，节水型社会格局基本形成，用水效率和效益显著提高，城乡饮水水源水质和重点地区水生态状况明显改善，地下水超采得到有效治理，经济社会发展用水保障能力显著提高。

   实行最严格的水资源管理制度，核心是建立水资源管理三条红线，即建立水资源开发利用红线，严格实行用水总量控制；建立用水效率控制红线，坚决遏制用水浪费；建立水功能区限制纳污红线，严格控制入河排污总量。为此，我们将重点做好以下几项工作：

    第一、以总量控制为核心，切实抓好水资源配置。加快制定流域、区域水量分配方案，建立覆盖流域和省、市、县行政区域的取水许可总量控制指标体系。加强规划和建设项目水资源论证，促进经济社会发展规划、城市总体规划以及各类开发区、工业园区等重大建设项目的布局与水资源条件相适应。严格取用水管理，加强水资源统一调度，保障城乡生活、生产和生态用水需求。

   第二、以提高用水效率和效益为目标，大力推进节水型社会建设。建立区域及行业用水效率、单位产品用水定额、设备和产品用水强制性标准等考核指标，加大节水产品的技术推广和节水技术改造，强化建设项目节水“三同时”制度。积极推进水权制度和水价改革，大力发展节水型工业、农业、服务业和节水产业。加快雨水、海水、苦咸水、再生水、矿井水等非常规水源利用。

   第三、以水功能区管理为载体，进一步加强水资源保护。强化饮用水水源地保护和监督管理，加快重要饮用水水源地综合治理，保障人民群众饮水安全。完善水污染事件快速反映机制，严格入河排污口监督管理。合理配置水资源，维护河流、湖泊生态健康。严格地下水开发利用管理，实施地下水开发总量控制，加快超采区地下水禁采和限采，逐步改善生态环境。

   第四，以水资源统一管理为中心，深化水资源管理体制改革。完善流域管理与行政区域管理相结合的水资源管理体制，加强流域水资源的统一规划、统一配置、统一调度，强化行政区域涉及水行政事物统一管理，推进城乡水务一体化管理进程。

   第五，以水法规建设为保障，着力规范各类水事行为。抓紧完善水资源管理法规，建立适合我国国情和水情、较为完备的水管理法规体系。加大水行政执法力度，重点加强取水许可和水资源费征收使用、节水管理、入河排污口审批等制度落实情况的转项检查，严厉查处违法取用水、破坏水资源等行为。

   第六，以水利科技进步为支撑，不断提高水资源管理水平。围绕全球气候变化、经济社会发展、水资源可持续利用和生态系统保护，开展水资源监控体系建设，抓紧建立与用水总量控制、水功能区管理和水源地保护要求适应的监控设施和管理平台，促进水资源管理信息化和现代化。

   女士们、先生们！自2005年首届水利工程科学领域院士论坛举办以来，国内外院士、专家、学者通过院士论坛这个平台，围绕水利工程科学的热点和前沿问题进行深入研讨，取地了丰硕成果，产生了广泛影响。希望本次论坛期间，来自国内外的各位院士、专家和学者以及各相关组织的代表畅所欲言、广泛交流，相互启迪、集思广益，凝聚共识、加强合作。我们真诚希望与世界各国加强水资源领域的交流与合作，分享成功经验，共同应对挑战，以水资源的可持续利用保障经济社会的可持续发展。

   最后，忠心祝愿本次论坛取得圆满成功！

Speech at the 3rd Academician Forum of Chinese Academy of Engineering on Hydraulic Sciences

By

H. E. Mr. Chen Lei

Minister of Water Resources, P. R. China

( September 23rd, 2009 )

Distinguished academicians,

Dear experts, ladies and gentlemen,

 In this beautiful autumn with air overwhelmed by fragrance of osmanthus, with the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China approaching, the 3th Academician Forum on Water Resources and Sustainable Development”, jointly sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the Ministry of Water Resources of China opens today. More than 300 international and domestic academicians, experts, scholars and representatives of international organizations have gathered in the beautiful city of Wuhan, to focus on the theme of “ water resources and sustainable development”, communicate on basic theories, engineering technologies and managerial policies, explore frontier issues and exchange experience, which are significant for strengthening international cooperation on water science and technology and encouraging global efforts to address water problems. Taking this opportunity, on behalf of the Ministry of Water Resources, P. R. China, I would like to congratulate the opening of this forum and extend my warm welcome to all distinguished guests and participants！

 Water is basic natural resource and strategic economic resource It is a controlling element of ecology and environment. Safeguarding sustainable socio-economic development by sustainable utilization of water resources is a common challenge and pressing task faced by countries around the world. The Chinese Government has always attached high attention to water resources issues. In the past 60 years, a large number of water projects have been constructed which has attracted the attention of the international community. The safeguarding capability of water infrastructure has been markedly improved and water development reform has benefited hundreds of millions of people. Particularly in the past 3 decades, since the reform and opening up of China, we have maintained a fast economic growth at a speed of three times of world average on the basis of consuming only 60% of the world’s average water resources. We have expanded nearly 120 million my of effective irrigated farmland and increased almost 50% of food production with zero increase of water consumption in rural irrigation in 30 consecutive years. Today, China feeds more than 21% of world’s population and safeguards its economic development by 6% of world freshwater and 9% of farmland, and is heading toward a moderately prosperous society. This outstanding achievement is the great contribution China has made to the whole world.

 Currently and for a certain period of time in the future, China will exert great efforts to establish a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and accelerate modernization. During this vital period, we shall speed up the transformation from traditional water resources management to modern and sustainable water resources management. However, existing water problems such as water shortage versus huge population, unevenly distribution of water in time and space which does not match production layout will challenge China’s modernization development in the long run. The per capita water availability in China is only 1/4 of the world average. Moreover, water availability per capita in the Yellow River basin, Huai River basin and Hai River basin only amounts to 1/3, 1/5 and 1/3 of national average respectively. Northern China is faced with grave water shortage. With the increasing influence of climate change and acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, water conditions in China are changing. According to recent assessment, comparing the hydrological series in the Yellow River basin, Huai Rive basin, Hai River basin and Liao River basin between 1956-1979 and 1980-2000, average precipitation decreased by 6%; average surface water fell by 17%. Notably, average surface water in Huai River basin dropped by 41%. Water distribution featuring abundant water in the south and inadequate water in the north is aggravated and conflict between water supply and demand is worsened. At present, China’s annual water shortage has reached 40 billion m3 nearly 2/3 of the cities are facing water shortage problem; the affected farmland by drought reaches 230 million mu every year. Meanwhile, traditional extensive water utilization approach has not been changed; GDP output by per m3 of water is only 1/3 of world average. In addition, serious environment and ecological problems such as groundwater over-exploitation, dry-up of rivers and wetland degradation have been resulted by over utilization of surface water, waste of water and water pollution, etc.

 The national condition and water condition in China have determined that we must follow the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, insist on the basic national policy of resource conservation and environment protection, stick to the concept of putting people first and maintaining harmony between people and nature, persist in rational development of water, high-efficient utilization, integrated approach, optimized allocation, overall conservation, effective protection and scientific management, and ensure sustainable socio-economic development with sustainable water utilization. On the one hand, we should develop and utilize water resources in a scientific, rational and orderly manner, concentrate resources on constructing key water source projects and water allocation projects, build medium and small water storage projects, diversion projects and pump stations which are tailor-made, upgrade the capacity of water distribution and regulation, so as to safeguard water supply for socio-economic development. On the other hand, we should coordinate socio-economic development with water conservation, water environment improvement and ecological restoration; implement the most strict water resources management system, build a water-conserving society, and promote harmony between socio-economic development and the bearing capacity of water and environment.

 At present, while accelerating water infrastructure construction, we should implement the most strict water resources management system; endeavor to promote water resources management from supply-based to demand-oriented, from random and over-exploitation to rational and orderly development, from extensive utilization to high-efficient utilization, from post accident remedy to precaution. We should apply comprehensive measures comprising structural, technical, administrative and legal means to resolve water problems. By the year of 2015, total water consumption shall be limited to below 600 billion m3. Water utilized per 10,000 Yuan industrial added value shall be 30% lower than the current figure. Coefficient rate of irrigated water use shall increase to above 0.52. Proportion of function zones in major rivers and lakes which meet the set criteria shall rise to above 60%. Till 2020, a complete water resources management and supervision system shall be set up to ensure rational water allocation; water-conserving society shall be established to realize marked increase of water utilization efficiency and benefit; water quality of drinking water sources and water ecological conditions of key regions shall be greatly improved; over-exploitation of groundwater shall be effectively controlled; and water supply capacity for socio-economic development should be greatly enhanced.

 To implement the most strict water management system, the core is to define three“red lines” or guard lines,which are water development and utilization red lint to control water utilization quantity, water use efficiency red lint to curb waste of water, and the red line of pollutant carrying capacity in water function zones to strictly control pollution discharge. In order to meet the objectives listed above, we shall carry out the following key tasks.

  Firstly, water allocation should be rationalized, focusing on total water quantity control. We should speed up the formulation of water allocation plans in river basins and regions and establish an index system guiding water abstraction licensing covering river basins, provinces, municipalities and counties. We should strengthen water resources assessment during project planning and construction so as to ensure that socio-economic development planning, city master plan and layout of development zone and industrial park are in line with local water condition. We should strictly manage water abstraction and utilization, and strengthen integrated water resources allocation in order to satisfy the needs of domestic, industrial and ecological water use.

  Secondly, water-conserving society should be developed, aiming at improving water use efficiency and effectiveness. We should establish evaluation system assessing local and industrial water use efficiency, water consumption quota for unit product, as well as mandatory standard for product and equipment water use, promote technology of water saving products and strengthen technology upgrading, intensify water conservation during project design, construction and operation. We should promote reform for water right system and pricing system, develop water-conserving industry, agriculture, service industry and water industry. Furthermore, we should accelerate utilization of unconventional water sources, such as rain water, sea water, salty water, recycled water and mine water etc.

 Thirdly, water resources protection should be reinforced, based on water functional zoning. We should strengthen protection and monitoring of drinking water sources, speed up comprehensive management of key drinking water sources and safeguard drinking water safety for the public. We should improve rapid response mechanism for water pollution accident, and strictly monitor pollutant discharge outlets. We should optimize water allocation and maintain the health of rivers, lakes and ecosystem. We should strictly manage groundwater exploitation and utilization, control groundwater development quantity, issue bans and quotas of groundwater exploitation in over-abstraction areas so as to rehabilitate environment and ecosystem step by step.

 Fourthly, water management system reform should be deepened, concentrating on integrated water resources management. We should improve water management system which features river basin management with administrative management, intensify integrated water resources planning, allocation and regulation in river basins, strengthen integrated water affairs management in administrative regions, and promote integrated rural and urban water affairs management.

 Fifthly, water related activities should be regulated in accordance with laws and regulations. We should perfect water legislation system, and build water management regulations in line with national and water condition in China. We should intensify law enforcement by focusing on investigations of water abstraction licensing, collection and utilization of water resources fees, water conservation management and approval system of pollution discharge outlets, and strictly investigate and prosecute illegal water abstraction and other damaging activities.

 Sixthly, water resources management should be improved, supported by science and technology advancement. We should carry out specialized study and research, strengthen development of applicable technologies and promote the application of cutting-edge technologies in the field of global climate change, socio-economic development, sustainable water utilization and ecosystem protection. We should speed up construction of water monitoring and control system, and establish a monitoring and management platform which meets the demands of water utilization total quantity control, water function zoning management and water sources protection, so as to promote information technology utilization and modernization of water resources management.

 Ladies and gentlemen, since the First Academician Forum successfully held in 2005, academicians, experts and scholars from China and aboard are able to gather together, discuss hot topics and frontier issues, which has yielded fruitful results and profound impact. I sincerely hope that during the Third Forum, all the delegates can share their ideas, exchange views, enlighten each other, reach consensus and strengthen cooperation. We hope to strengthen communication and cooperation with other countries, share successful experience, join hands to tackle challenges, and ensure sustainable socio-economic development with sustainable water utilization.

 Finally, I wish the forum a great success.